शनिवार, 21 जून 2014
ORGAN DONATION IS A GREAT SOCIAL SERVICE
About Organ Donation
ORGAN DONATION IS A GREAT SOCIAL SERVICEOrgan donation is transplantation of healthy organs from 1 person to another. It means that a person pledges during his lifetime that after death, organs from his/her body can be used for transplantation to help terminally ill patients and giving them a new lease of life. It is known that the organs from one donor can save or help as many as 50 people.
Human-to-human transplantation of organs has been accepted worldwide as the best line of treatment for a wide range of fatal diseases such as End Stage Renal Disease (kidney failure). Organ transplantation is one of the greatest advances of modern science that has resulted in many patients getting a renewed lease of life. A living person can donate organs, after natural death or after 'brain death'. After natural death only a few tissues can be donated (like cornea, bone, skin and blood vessels) whereas after brain death almost 37 different organs and tissues can be donated including critical organs such as kidneys, heart, liver and lungs.
The organs that can be donated include:- Bone and bone marrow
- Skin
- Cornea
- Internal organs: kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs
- One brain dead patient can help seven patients in critical stages to lead normal lives!!
- The heart of a cadaver can be kept alive for five hours and can even be flown from one city to another if needs be and transplanted!!
This Act was passed by the Government in 1994 to streamline various organ donations and transplant activities in INDIA.The aims of this act was to:
- Regulate removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes.
- Prevent commercial dealings in organs.
- Accept brain death and make it possible to use these patients as potential organs donors.
What is meant by brain death?
Brain death is the irreversible and permanent cessation of all brain functions. Brain can no longer send messages to the body to perform vital functions like breathing, sensation, obeying commands etc..A brain dead person feels no pain. Such persons are kept on artificial support (ventilation) to maintain oxygenation of organs so that the organs are in healthy condition until they are removed. Most cases of brain death are the end result of head injuries, brain tumours patients from Intensive care units. Organs of such patients can be transplanted in organ failure patients to provide them a new lease of life.
***Brain death should not be confused with coma. Patients who suffer brain death are not in coma. Patients in coma may or may not progress to brain death.
How quickly should the organs be donated?
Healthy organs should be transplanted as soon as possible after brain death from the donor to the recipient.
How long can organs be kept out of the body?| 1. | Heart | 4-6 hours |
| 2. | Lungs | 4-6 hours |
| 3. | Pancreas | 12-24 hours |
| 4. | Liver | 12-24 hours |
| 5. | Intestine | 12-24 hours |
| 6. | Kindneys | 48-72 hours |
Who can be a Donor?
Anyone can be a donor!! Regardless of age, race or gender .If he/she is under the age of 18 years, then the consent of parent or legal guardian is essential. Medical suitability for donation is determined at the time of death.
Who can give consent for organ donation after brain death?
Donors who have during their lifetime consented for organ donation in writing in the presence of two witnesses (at least one of whom is a near relative), should carry their donor cards with them. They should keep expressing their wishes of organ donation after their death to their near and dear ones. In case of no such consent or donor pledge form was filled before death, then the authority to give consent for organ donation lies with the person lawfully in possession of the dead body.
Terminal diseases which can be cured by transplant?
These terminal diseases which can be cured by the transplantation:| Heart | Heart failure |
| Lungs | Terminal lung illnesses |
| Kidneys | Kidney failure |
| Liver | Liver failure |
| Pancreas | Diabetes |
| Eyes | Blindness |
| Heart valve | valvular disease |
| Skin | Severe burns |
Who will receive your organ?
Your vital organs will be transplanted into those individuals who need them most urgently. Gifts of life (Organs) are matched to recipients on the basis of medical suitability, urgency of transplant, duration on the waiting list and geographical location.
Would there be any charge to my family for organ donation?
No, there is no charge nor payment for organ/tissues used in transplantations. Organ donation is a true gift
Does organ / tissue removal affect cremation / burial arrangements or disfigure the body?
No! The removal or organs or tissues will not interfere with customary funeral or burial arrangements. The appearance of the body is not altered. A highly skilled surgical transplant team removes the organs and tissues, which can be transplanted in other patients. Surgeons stitch up the body carefully, hence no disfigurement occurs. The body can be viewed as in any case of death and funeral arrangements need not be delayed.
Will the doctor ask permission of donation from my family, once the signed donor card is found?
Yes. Doctor will always ask the permission of organ donation from the family if your signed card is sighted. Therefore,you must discuss your decision with family members and loved ones so that it will be easier for them to follow through with your wishes
What is legal position on organs donations?
It is legal by law. The government of India has enacted the "transplantation of human organs act 1994" in Feb. 1995, which has allowed organ donation and legalised brain death.
Can organs be removed after death at home?
No! They can only be removed when a person is brain dead in the hospital and is immediately put on a ventilator and other life support systems. After death at home, only eyes and tissues can be removed.
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